AAA 技术文章下载
ACCA AAA 技术文章(2020年)
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 1 – ethics
Ethical standards and their application form a major part of the Advanced Audit and Assurance syllabus and are examined regularly. This article demonstrates how to maximise marks on these areas using effective exam technique.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 2 – risk
Risk is examined in several ways within the Advanced Audit and Assurance syllabus and understanding the difference between these can be key to scoring good marks in the exam. This article demonstrates how to maximise marks on these areas using effective exam technique.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 3 – accounting issues
Candidates will be required to discuss accounting issues in many contexts in the Advanced Audit and Assurance exam. This article utilises past questions from the exam to illustrate how accounting issues could be examined and to recap the accounting treatment on some of the areas candidates typically find difficult in this exam.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 4 – audit procedures
This article examines the key syllabus requirements in relation to procedures and considers the level of detail needed in order to obtain credit at this level. It also looks at some examples of past questions on this syllabus area and explains the difference between a strong answer and a weak answer to illustrate the detail and specificity that candidates should produce in their answers to attain marks in the exam.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 5 – auditor reporting
This article focuses on auditor reporting to shareholders. It is imperative for candidates to be prepared to answer questions on auditor reporting and will need an understanding of the format of the report, the types of opinions which may be given by the auditor and the other modifications which could be required to an auditor’s report.
Data analytics and the auditor
This article provides some insight into the matters which need to be considered by auditors when using data analytics. AAA candidates are expected to have a broad understanding of what is meant by the term data analytics, how it may be used in the audit and how it can improve audit efficiency.
Auditing in specialised industries
This article provides some insight into the matters that need to be considered by auditors when engaged to provide the external audit service to a client operating in a specialised industry.
IAASB exposure draft – Proposed International Standard on Auditing 540 (Revised) Auditing Accounting Estimates and Related Disclosures
This article provides an insight into recent proposed changes to ISA 540 Auditing Accounting Estimates, Including Fair Value Accounting Estimates and Related Disclosures.
Evaluation of misstatements
The completion stage of the audit is when the auditor reviews the work performed and considers the implications for the auditor’s report. A crucial part of this review is the evaluation of misstatements found during the audit.
Responding to Non-Compliance with Laws and Regulations (NOCLAR)
This article is intended to provide insight into recent developments to the International Ethics Standards Board’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA) in relation to the auditor’s response to non-compliance with laws and regulations.
Corporate governance and its impact on audit practice
P7 candidates are expected to be conversant with corporate governance principles, many of which they will have seen in previous exams like F8 and P1. In P7, the focus is on the impact that corporate governance principles and practice can have on the audit process, and this article explores some of these issues.
Auditing disclosures in financial statements
This article looks at auditing disclosures in financial statements, an issue that has been considered by the IAASB in recent years following developments in IFRS requirements and the increased level of complexity and subjectivity involved in the preparation of information to be disclosed in financial statements.
Performance information in the public sector
The Syllabus and Study Guide for P7 (INT), Advanced Audit and Assurance (and SGP adapted paper) includes a section entitled ‘The audit of performance information (pre-determined objectives) in the public sector’. This article is intended to provide insight into this syllabus area and explain some of the issues of which candidates should be aware when studying this aspect of the syllabus.
Laws and regulations
It is important that candidates preparing for P7 have an understanding of how laws and regulations affect an audit, not only in terms of the work the auditor is required to do, but also to appreciate the responsibilities of both management and the auditor where laws and regulations are concerned.
Audit quality – a perpetual current issue
Audit quality is relevant to P7 in that the Syllabus and Study Guide includes a specific section, C1, which contains a number of learning outcomes in relation to quality control in the context of practice management.
Professional scepticism
The article explains the importance of professional scepticism as an essential part of the auditor’s mindset, and considers the reasons why approaching an audit with an attitude of professional scepticism is becoming increasingly important.
Using the work of internal auditors
Also available as a podcast on iTunes
This article focuses on the provision of direct assistance by the internal auditors, which – to date – has been a very controversial issue. Although internal auditors are the employees of the entity, which could result in threats to independence (either in fact or perceived) if direct assistance is provided by the internal auditors, there are benefits relating to this provision which cannot be ignored.
Auditor liability
Also available as a podcast on iTunes
This article focuses on the issue of auditor’s liability in the UK, and therefore contains references to the UK Companies Act 2006, as well as UK-specific legal cases. Candidates other than those attempting the UK adapted paper are not expected to have UK-specific knowledge. The concepts discussed in this article however are broadly relevant and will help candidates to understand why this is an important issue within the auditing profession.
The control environment of a company
The purpose of this article is to provide candidates with a more detailed appreciation of matters pertinent to an auditor, focusing on the need for the auditor of a large limited liability company (in the UK – a limited company) to evaluate the effectiveness of the company’s control environment.
Completing the audit
This article explores some of the key requirements of International Standards on Auditing (ISA) that are relevant at the completion stage, and discusses the practical implications of those requirements.
Acceptance decisions for audit and assurance engagements
This article discusses the learning outcomes of Professional Appointments from Syllabus reference C4.
Specific aspects of auditing in a computer-based environment
This article provides guidance on various aspects of auditing in a computer-based accounting environment.
Analytical procedures
An outline of the analytical procedures relevant to the audit papers.
Going concern
The additional guidance given for ISA 570, Going Concern.
Audit risk
This article outlines and explains the concept of audit risk, making reference to the key auditing standards which give guidance to auditors about risk assessment.
Auditing in a computer-based environment
The aim of this article is to help students improve their understanding of computer-assisted techniques by giving practical illustrations of computer-based controls and the way they may feature in exam questions.
Massaging the figures
Earnings management – what it is, when it becomes fraud, and implications for auditors.
ISA 240 (redrafted), auditors and fraud
The definitions given by International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 240 (Redrafted) of fraud and error, and the historical expectations of the audit role.
Forensic auditing
This article explores some of the key issues relevant to forensic investigations.
Auditors’ reports to those charged with governance
This article discusses the important reporting ‘output’ produced as a result of the audit process, that of the auditor’s communication to those charged with governance.
Examining evidence
This article explains the importance of understanding audit evidence.
Audit working papers
How working papers provide evidence that an effective, efficient, and economic audit has been carried out.
ACCA AAA 技术文章(2019年)
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 1 – ethics Ethical standards and their application form a major part of the Advanced Audit and Assurance syllabus and are examined regularly. This article demonstrates how to maximise marks on these areas using effective exam technique.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 2 – risk Risk is examined in several ways within the Advanced Audit and Assurance syllabus and understanding the difference between these can be key to scoring good marks in the exam. This article demonstrates how to maximise marks on these areas using effective exam technique.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 3 – accounting issues Candidates will be required to discuss accounting issues in many contexts in the Advanced Audit and Assurance exam. This article utilises past questions from the exam to illustrate how accounting issues could be examined and to recap the accounting treatment on some of the areas candidates typically find difficult in this exam.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 4 – audit procedures This article examines the key syllabus requirements in relation to procedures and considers the level of detail needed in order to obtain credit at this level. It also looks at some examples of past questions on this syllabus area and explains the difference between a strong answer and a weak answer to illustrate the detail and specificity that candidates should produce in their answers to attain marks in the exam.
Exam technique for Advanced Audit and Assurance: part 5 – auditor reporting This article focuses on auditor reporting to shareholders. It is imperative for candidates to be prepared to answer questions on auditor reporting and will need an understanding of the format of the report, the types of opinions which may be given by the auditor and the other modifications which could be required to an auditor’s report.
IAASB exposure draft – Proposed International Standard on Auditing 540 (Revised) Auditing Accounting Estimates and Related Disclosures This article provides an insight into recent proposed changes to ISA 540 Auditing Accounting Estimates, Including Fair Value Accounting Estimates and Related Disclosures.
Evaluation of misstatements The completion stage of the audit is when the auditor reviews the work performed and considers the implications for the auditor’s report. A crucial part of this review is the evaluation of misstatements found during the audit.
Responding to Non-Compliance with Laws and Regulations (NOCLAR) This article is intended to provide insight into recent developments to the International Ethics Standards Board’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA) in relation to the auditor’s response to non-compliance with laws and regulations.
Auditor reporting – an update for P7 students on Key Audit Matters (P7 INT) and the Extended Auditor’s Report (P7 UK) This article outlines the key changes in the requirements relating to auditor’s reports, focusing on the new requirements relating to the Key Audit Matters paragraph for P7 International candidates, and Extended Auditor Reporting for P7 UK and Ireland candidates.
Corporate governance and its impact on audit practice P7 candidates are expected to be conversant with corporate governance principles, many of which they will have seen in previous exams like F8 and P1. In P7, the focus is on the impact that corporate governance principles and practice can have on the audit process, and this article explores some of these issues.
The new auditor’s report The completion of an IAASB project in 2015 resulted in a set of new and revised standards on auditor reporting. These standards are examinable from the September 2016 exam session, meaning that F8 and P7 candidates will be expected to understand the requirements and responsibilities of the auditor as set out in the standards.
Auditing disclosures in financial statements This article looks at auditing disclosures in financial statements, an issue that has been considered by the IAASB in recent years following developments in IFRS requirements and the increased level of complexity and subjectivity involved in the preparation of information to be disclosed in financial statements.
Performance information in the public sector The Syllabus and Study Guide for P7 (INT), Advanced Audit and Assurance (and SGP adapted paper) includes a section entitled ‘The audit of performance information (pre-determined objectives) in the public sector’. This article is intended to provide insight into this syllabus area and explain some of the issues of which candidates should be aware when studying this aspect of the syllabus.
Laws and regulations It is important that candidates preparing for P7 have an understanding of how laws and regulations affect an audit, not only in terms of the work the auditor is required to do, but also to appreciate the responsibilities of both management and the auditor where laws and regulations are concerned.
Audit quality – a perpetual current issue Audit quality is relevant to P7 in that the Syllabus and Study Guide includes a specific section, C1, which contains a number of learning outcomes in relation to quality control in the context of practice management.
Professional scepticism The article explains the importance of professional scepticism as an essential part of the auditor’s mindset, and considers the reasons why approaching an audit with an attitude of professional scepticism is becoming increasingly important.
Using the work of internal auditors Also available as a podcast on iTunes This article focuses on the provision of direct assistance by the internal auditors, which – to date – has been a very controversial issue. Although internal auditors are the employees of the entity, which could result in threats to independence (either in fact or perceived) if direct assistance is provided by the internal auditors, there are benefits relating to this provision which cannot be ignored.
Accounting issues Also available as a podcast on iTunes A very common theme in P7 questions is to present you with information that embodies an accounting issue. Sometimes the information is presented as a standalone requirement but is often, for example, included in a set of notes of a conversation with an audit client’s finance director.
Forensic accounting Also available as a podcast on iTunes With at least one requirement relating to forensic accounting in three out of five P7 exams between December 2011 and December 2013, this is an area of the syllabus that students cannot afford to overlook. This article explores some of the issues relevant to forensic accounting.
Auditor liability Also available as a podcast on iTunes This article focuses on the issue of auditor’s liability in the UK, and therefore contains references to the UK Companies Act 2006, as well as UK-specific legal cases. Candidates other than those attempting the UK adapted paper are not expected to have UK-specific knowledge. The concepts discussed in this article however are broadly relevant and will help candidates to understand why this is an important issue within the auditing profession.
The control environment of a company The purpose of this article is to provide candidates with a more detailed appreciation of matters pertinent to an auditor, focusing on the need for the auditor of a large limited liability company (in the UK – a limited company) to evaluate the effectiveness of the company’s control environment.
Continue to be ‘rest assured’ This article looks at the topic of assurance in the context of P7, describing a framework for the classification of assurance and non-assurance engagements, and giving guidance on the practical approach required when undertaking assurance assignments.
ISA 315 (Revised), Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment (Related to Entity’s Internal Control) One of the major revisions of ISA 315 relates to the inquiries made by external auditors of the internal audit function since internal auditors have better knowledge and understanding of the organisation and its internal control. This article addresses and highlights the components of internal control.
Planning an audit of financial statements The key to a successful audit is effective planning. This article explains how planning an audit involves more than just obtaining business understanding and performing risk assessment. She also summarises the main requirements and guidance contained in ISA 300, Planning an Audit of Financial Statements.
Completing the audit This article explores some of the key requirements of International Standards on Auditing (ISA) that are relevant at the completion stage, and discusses the practical implications of those requirements.
Audit and insolvency This article highlights some of the issues that auditors may have to deal with in respect of insolvency.
Group auditing This article reviews the most significant elements of group audits and changes to ISA 600 that were introduced as a result of the recent Clarity project.
Acceptance decisions for audit and assurance engagements This article discusses the learning outcomes of Professional Appointments from Syllabus reference C4.
Specific aspects of auditing in a computer-based environment This article provides guidance on various aspects of auditing in a computer-based accounting environment.
Audit of estimates and fair values Guidance on making estimates, a vital part of preparing financial statements.
Analytical procedures An outline of the analytical procedures relevant to the audit papers.
Going concern The additional guidance given for ISA 570, Going Concern.
Audit risk This article outlines and explains the concept of audit risk, making reference to the key auditing standards which give guidance to auditors about risk assessment.
Auditing in a computer-based environment The aim of this article is to help students improve their understanding of computer-assisted techniques by giving practical illustrations of computer-based controls and the way they may feature in exam questions.
Massaging the figures Earnings management – what it is, when it becomes fraud, and implications for auditors.
ISA 240 (redrafted), auditors and fraud The definitions given by International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 240 (Redrafted) of fraud and error, and the historical expectations of the audit role.
The importance of financial reporting standards to auditors This article provides guidance on the financial reporting issues that require a detailed level of knowledge, and those for which less detailed knowledge will be expected.
Forensic auditing This article explores some of the key issues relevant to forensic investigations.
Auditors’ reports to those charged with governance This article discusses the important reporting ‘output’ produced as a result of the audit process, that of the auditor’s communication to those charged with governance.
Group audit issues This article summarises some of the sections of ISA 600 (Revised and Redrafted).
Examining evidence This article explains the importance of understanding audit evidence.
Audit working papers How working papers provide evidence that an effective, efficient, and economic audit has been carried out.
ACCA AAA 技术文章
Auditor reporting – an update for P7 students on Key Audit Matters (P7 INT) and the Extended Auditor’s Report (P7 UK)
（Written by a member of the P7 examining team，Last updated: 10 Nov 2016 ）
Corporate governance and its impact on audit practice
(Written by a member of the P7 examining team)
The new auditor’s report
(Written by a member of the F8 examining team. Last updated: 22 Jul 2016）
Auditing disclosures in financial statements
(Written by a member of the P7 examining team. Last updated: 6 Apr 2016)
Performance information in public sector
(Written by a member of the P7 examining team. Last updated: 4 Dec 2015)
Laws and regulations
(Last updated:28 Jul 2015)
Audit quality-a perpetual current isue
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team. Last updated: 4 Dec 2015)
Professional scepticism
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 4 Dec 2015）
Using the work of internal auditors
(Eric YW Leung, CUHK Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, FCCA,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Staying on the right side of ethics
(Helen Milner, freelance financial reporting and audit tutor,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Forensic accounting
(Helen Barrett is a forensic accountant and a freelance lecturer,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Auditor liability
(Simon Finley is a teaching fellow at the Aston University Accounting Group,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
The control environment of a company
(Written by a member of the audit examining team,Last updated: 31 May 2016)
Continue to be ‘rest assured’
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
ISA 315 (Revised), Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment (Related to Entity’s Internal Control)
(Raymond Wong, School of Accountancy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Dr Helen Wong, Hong Kong Community College, Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Tackling Paper P7 questions on ethics
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Planning an audit of financial statements
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 31 May 2016)
Completing the audit
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Auditor’s reports in the UK
(Lisa Weaver is examiner for Paper P7,Last updated: 24 Feb 2016)
Clarity auditing standards
(Allan Lee FCCA is director of Allan Lee Professional Solutions Ltd and co- chairman of ACCA Hong Kong’s Student Affairs Subcommittee,Last updated: 23 Sep 2014)
Audit and insolvency
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Group auditing
(Graham Fairclough is group technical director at the ExP Group,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Acceptance decisions for audit and assurance engagements
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Specific aspects of auditing in a computer-based environment
(Written by a member of the audit exam team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Audit of estimates and fair values
(Graham Fairclough is group technical director at the ExP Group,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Analytical procedures
(Last updated: 24 Feb 2016)
A matter of opinion
(Simon Finley is an audit subject specialist at Kaplan Publishing ,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Going concern
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Audit risk
(Written by a member of the Paper F8 examining team,Last updated: 7 Jul 2016)
Auditing in a computer-based environment
(Written by a member of the Paper F8 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
ISA 240 (redrafted), auditors and fraud
(Written by a Paper F8 exam panel member,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
The importance of financial reporting standards to auditors
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Forensic auditing
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Auditors’ reports to those charged with governance
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Group audit issues
(Written by a member of the Paper P7 examining team,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Examining evidence
(Connie Richardson is a lecturer at FTC Kaplan in Singapore,Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
Audit working papers
(Last updated: 20 Apr 2015)
